The Worst Kind of Racist

The Worst Kind of Racist
Originally Posted: March 2008 Issue


by JENNIFER CHANG, founding editor

Those of us who live in California, especially Los Angeles, are terribly, terribly spoiled. We are swathed daily in the “sun-kissed mist” wistfully crooned about by Al Jolson. We know how to party, said (says…?) Tupac. And in Los Angeles, most of our racism is out in the open. Take that, rest-of-the-country!

“Is she being sarcastic?” Well, hear me out.

A luxury of living in a place that’s basically an amalgam of minorities is that our differences are as plain as the noses on our faces… the eyes on our faces, the skin on our faces. On any given day, we shop in the same supermarket aisles and suffer through the same traffic jams with people whose countries of origin, if listed, could rival the roll call at a UN conference in diversity. If you’re determined to be a racist here, you have your job cut out for you. If there’s a stereotype you regard as fact, you’ll encounter enough counterexamples by the end of a work week that your “theory” about any one race becomes untenable. If you utter aloud something racist in a public place, you’ll turn to find at least one person within earshot that you’ve directly offended, and plenty of surrounding others who are outraged on his or her behalf, and likely one or two that are vocal about it.

I would never claim that racism doesn’t exist in Los Angeles, or in cities like it; it does. Diversity in these cities, however, frequently puts our racists into positions where they have to defend or apologize for their ignorance. I once interned at an office where a woman said to me, “we used to have another one of you working here,” referring to another Asian. With no prompting from me, she stopped herself, she blushed, she apologized effusively. I wasn’t nearly as offended as she was embarrassed.

A breakdown of our population of racists: the wiser of them snap out of it. The more stubborn of them are driven to harbor their bigotries in secret and in silence. And the most incorrigible among them face a lifetime of struggle, of being scorned or ridiculed, of being called out time and time again …

That is, unless they move elsewhere.

It’s these select “elsewheres,” and the racists that come out of them, ladies and gentlemen, that is the subject of discussion today.
As I’ve said, Angelenos are spoiled rotten, and I among them. There’s a certain brand of unchecked, unabashed, and utterly un-self-conscious racism that many of us never, ever have to encounter. After coming into close and extended contact with it, I can tell you that—like the ineffaceable, reeking putrescence of the Bog of Eternal Stench in the 1986 film, Labyrinth—the stinky awareness of this racism “smells bad for the rest of your life, and it’ll never wash off.”
It was the winter of 2006 and I was dirt poor. Like any struggling writer/actor/artist in this crooked town, I sought relief on Craigslist, putting out feelers for a roommate to share the burden of rent. One of the first responses to come in was from a girl from an affluent borough outside of Boston, a Harvard grad—a girl who stated at the time that she was a professional athlete.

Now, the most intelligent, cultured and well-read person I currently know is a graduate of Harvard. I had strong basis for my faith in the university as an admitter of the crème de la crème of our society. Yes, I had a good impression of Harvard (surprise!), and I foolishly based my decision on that impression.

Not knowing much else about her, I met this girl’s boyfriend first when he stopped over briefly on reconnaissance. He was a clean-cut, attractive and articulate Korean fellow. I told myself that a Caucasian woman who was comfortable and open-minded enough to date an Asian man was probably going to be fine in my book.

I knew I had made a grave mistake the very first night she moved in. After introductions, our first conversation was about our respective recent trips to China—mine for work, hers for a race. With an air of superiority, she told me that many of her fellow athletes didn’t want to interact with the Chinese locals, but that she was someone who, unlike them, “tolerated all races.”
Sirens went off. Red flags zipped up the flagpole. “Tolerated” was a word and concept I rarely ever heard used anymore in the context of race relations, and for good reason. I’d like to think that nowadays, we regard the concept of racial “tolerance” as lazy (as opposed to “understanding” or “appreciation,” both of which require effort) and somewhat insulting. It implies that there is something about races and cultures that’s a nuisance—a burden that needs to be nobly borne by others. But there I was over-reacting, I thought. Social consciousness too often gives way to rash indignance and outrage and…

“By the way, why do Chinese people idolize white people?”

What do you mean?”

“Like, Chinese people want to be like us or something.”

Oh no she didn’t!

But alas, she did. Caught completely off guard, I stumbled through a line of questioning that might have led her to an opportunity to save face. Had I known then that she wasn’t like the woman I had worked with at my internship—that she wasn’t embarrassed and saw no error in a statement like that—I wouldn’t have bothered. I asked her if she was confusing that notion about the Chinese with something she might have heard about the Japanese? But maybe not of the Japanese now, but of 150-some years ago during the Meiji Restoration? Who had integrated a number of Western institutions into their societal construct…?

But that was absurd and awkward. Of course that’s not what she meant. She looked at me vacantly and shrugged. She had said exactly what she meant, and didn’t understand where the confusion was.

Introductions continued. To get better acquainted, I tried to fish out her interests in music. Did she like Fergie? Fergie is my favorite because she’s so Fergalicious. I don’t know what that means, but I want to be it, too. In response, she said that Fergie was “trashy” because she “acted black.” And when I asked her what she thought of Beyoncé, she described her as “completely worthless.” Now, I acknowledge that everyone has their tastes in music, but one could see here by her choice of descriptors that what she was commenting on wasn’t isolated to musical style.

I retired to bed that night feeling unsettled. Had I invited a racist into my home?

The weeks and months that followed answered the question. It wasn’t more than two days later that she called me over to her computer to show me a T-shirt she wanted to purchase. It was a spoof of the famous shirt from Napoleon Dynamite, and it read “Deport Pedro” across the front.
I shook my head and told her simply that it was tasteless.

What I didn’t say was that it was insensitive, that it was insulting, and that it was a slap in the face to anyone who is (or is friends with someone) of Mexican background, which in Los Angeles means a sizeable part of the population. Regardless of your politics on the subject, we know that by and large, immigrants are here legally or illegally for better opportunities and better lives for their families. They don’t need to be confronted, while casually walking down a street, with ugliness emblazoned across the front of a stranger’s shirt.

Could I see the humor in the shirt? Sure. It would be funny if worn by a Mexican who was trying to be ironic, or if it were worn by someone like Sarah Silverman, who uses a racist persona as part of her comedic shtick (and who ultimately pokes fun at racists in doing so). But could I see the humor in the shirt if it were worn by someone whom I knew had rancor for Mexicans?
That week, I was giving her a ride to Fred Segal when a few Latino men crossed the street at a crosswalk in front of us. From their age and the fact that they were carrying backpacks/messenger bags, I guessed they were college students. Presently, from my roommate’s side of the car, I heard a scoff and this word: “Illegals.”

And so it was that our time together as roommates was littered with these disturbing expressions of hate. One night she fumed at news of a stabbing that happened back at her old high school.

“And the person that did it wasn’t even from my town! They should just make everyone who’s not from my town get out of my high school and out of my town!” she declared. Clearly, to her, that the person who did the stabbing most likely had severe mental issues was not nearly as central to the event as was the fact that the person was from outside her affluent borough. Xenophobic, much?

One day I told her I was casting an acting role for a production company I worked for, and that I had been instructed to find a brunette. “Why?” she asked. “Blonds are the best.”
One day an acquaintance of hers said aloud that he didn’t like it when black people were “in your face with their blackness,” and she agreed, saying she knew what he meant. I wish someone would have explained it to me, because I still don’t.

One day I asked for her opinion about my appearance (at a time when I was misguidedly considering a side-career as a catalog model, since mine is a face that might make you want to buy a cardigan…?). She told me I was good-looking… “for an Asian”.

And many more casual remarks of the like.

One incongruous detail about her—the fact of her Korean boyfriend—nagged at me for a while, but that too eventually fit itself into the context of her ignorance. One night I asked her if her boyfriend would like to come to dinner with us so I could ask him about his upbringing in another part of the country, and compare it to the traditional Korean upbringing of friends back in my hometown of Cerritos. “Oh no,” she said, tilting her chin up and looking rather proud, quite suddenly. “He’s as far removed from all that as he can be”— “all that” I suppose, referring to his Korean heritage.

I doubted very much that that was true; her boyfriend and I had chatted that one night about Asia and Asia studies, and I hadn’t gotten that impression at all. But regardless of whether or not what she said was factually correct, it was clearly a good thing in her eyes that he’d divorced himself from “all that.” How benevolent of her to be dating an enlightened convert, ey? And the question of whether or not she could really respect him if she didn’t respect his background was also answered. She cheated on him with a recording artist whose concert she went to see. Her admitted justification: “It’s okay. He’s famous.”

The cherry on this—the most unsavory of sundaes—came near the end of our time together. Despite the fact that she was an athlete and had a bike, she wanted me to give her a ride in my car half a mile up the street to the bus stop (come to think of it, she often borrowed her boyfriend’s SUV to run very-local errands). There we were, me driving and she admiring her reflection in the vanity mirror on the passenger side when, all of a sudden: “Did you know that blonds are a dying breed?”

“Because the blond gene is recessive?” I asked.

“Yeah. I really should marry someone who’s blond-haired and blue-eyed. You know, to keep the race alive.”

I joked, “What race is that. The Aryan Race?”

Not hearing the sarcasm, she responded earnestly, “Oh, I’m the model Aryan. Hitler would love me. We even have the same birthday.”

Stunned. I was stunned. I waited for her to qualify the statement with something like, “Just kidding, that’s so messed up to say,” or something, anything that would make what I had just heard less horrible. There was no such statement, no embarrassed laugh, no goofy smile. The “model Aryan” continued instead to fiddle with her hair and admire her reflection.

After a long, silent pause, I said, “Well, don’t say that around any Jewish people, okay?”

“Okay,” she replied, vapidly.

I wanted to scream. Where were the educational institutions that would have taught her about the historical events that made statements like this unacceptable? Why had they failed her? What classes had she taken at Harvard? Why hadn’t the foremost university in our country succeeded in educating her in this respect?

In the end, I failed her where the various other institutions and people in her life had also failed her. She was comfortable with her level of racism and ignorance because it went unchecked, because she likely grew up in a place and among people who never thought to check her (were they the type of people to agree with her?). In my case, I simply didn’t know how to respond, and so I didn’t. I’m sorry to say that it was also easier for me to avoid the confrontation and to assure myself that she’d meet someone, someday who’d have the cajones to tell her what a hideous human being her hate and her ignorance made her.

But long after she had moved out, I regretted not being that person. I hadn’t done the world any favors by staying silent. With the knowledge that people like her still existed in a country with a population as diverse as ours, my whole world had changed. It bothered me that somewhere out there, she was still going around telling people that she “tolerated all races”, and that she was touting herself as a role model.

As I’ve said, I had been terribly spoiled, as a Southern Californian to think that racists everywhere would be forced to change, or be driven into hiding in this day and age. Now I wondered, how many employers, law enforcement officers, or others who had power over me, would describe me as “_______, for an Asian”?

How many people would look at me and think that I would be better off if I were removed from “all that”?

How many people would see my friends and want them deported, and heck, how many of them would think this sentiment would make a good T-shirt?

How many people hear about atrocities that have fallen on other races and see no lessons to be learned from these shameful episodes?

At long last, we get to the point I’ve wanted to make all along: it was through this 9-month-long experience with this girl that I came to understand who the worst kinds of racists were, and by “worst,” I mean the ones who can do the most damage to our society.

The worst kinds of racists are the ones who believe, and the ones who feel free to say, that they are not racist, and then proceed to believe and say racist things as if they were the most natural and acceptable things in the world. They are the ones who tell you that they are not racists, so that you feel embarrassed or find it hard to point out the truth to them later. They are the people who see people of color as people to “tolerate”.

They do the most damage to our country because they create the illusion that racism is less of a problem than it is, so that we as a society grow lazy and less vigilant in addressing it. They harm us all because we may encounter them on their path to success, and when they tell us that they are not racists, and we believe them and good-naturedly help them along to positions of greater influence.

It’s this kind of racism and ignorance that infects people like Michael Richards, who thought it was okay to drop a barrage of n-bombs in a comedy club. It infects people like Senator George Allen, who saw no harm in pointing out an Indian college student in an otherwise all-white crowd during a campaign stop, and calling him “Macaca.” It infects people like presidential hopeful John McCain, who in 2000 publicly declared that he will hate “the gooks,” and “will hate them as long as [he] lives,” then refused to apologize for the comment. Some form of it even infects Hillary Clinton, who thought it’d be funny to joke that Mahatma Gandhi “ran a gas station down in St. Louis."

All of the above have at one point or another declared themselves “not racist,” and all are either highly-paid celebrities or politicians. Am I wrong to wish that, in getting to their places of influence in our society, they would have learned a little more about cultural sensitivity and respect along the way? They are, after all, now occupying positions and making decisions that affect many of us.

From one fortunate Southern Californian to you, dear reader, wherever you may be, whatever your background: this is an appeal.

Please have the courage, when faced with someone who is smug and snug in their ignorance, to challenge them on their beliefs about themselves. It’s the only way we can keep the more deceptive of racists from slipping into places they shouldn’t be (like into our homes) and into positions they don’t deserve to be (like into public office). No matter what they say, these people don’t “tolerate” us, and we shouldn’t sacrifice our comfort and our world… for theirs.

A Culture of Wastefulness - Is It Yours?

A Culture of Wastefulness - Is It Yours?
If children are starving in Africa, why are they wasting in America? Is it a matter of culture or economics?

Original posting: June 2003 Issue

by PETER WAY, staff writer

I’m working the dish room in Covel for the first time. It’s somewhat busy, and I’m sent to pull trays off the conveyor belt. “Neat!” I think, “I get to see what happens behind the scenes!” and I quickly step up to the task.

Quite frankly, I’m shocked.

As I start pulling trays off the stack, I notice what’s coming off on the dishes and going straight into the trash. Untouched grilled chicken breasts, plates full of spaghetti, double cheeseburgers (a special request) only half eaten, unbitten apples, entire pieces of cake, soft drinks sloshing out of their glasses, bowls full of soup, salads made (custom, by the student) that overflow untouched off of their plates—all being discarded by the students without a care.

I had expected there to be a few, maybe even several cases of blatant food wastage, but it was more than half of every tray that contained nearly entire items of food. Out of those, about a third had items of food that were entirely untouched, yet still had been taken by the students.
“Stupid American kids,” I thought to myself as I dumped a chicken burger and fries into the trash, “Such wanton wastage is inexcusable!” But is it really an American phenomenon, or is wasting food something else entirely?

At first, it seems like it is. The growing trend seems to be “more food is better” when it comes to any sort of American restaurant. Next time you go to the fast food restaurant, check and see if you can find any mention of “small” on the menu. Check out the writing on your vending machine candy bar—“Now with 10% more!” shouted a Butterfinger at me from behind the glass. Starbucks’ venti sized cups contain more non-water fluid than any person should normally need in one sitting.

That still doesn’t answer the question, however. Is American culture really the culprit? In order to find out, I took a brief survey of my friends, classmates, co-workers, and more, asking them each a few questions about wasting food.

Interestingly, the strongest examples of prohibition of food wasting came from the most American parents. That is to say, those parents whose families have been in the country for generations upon generations. All the strict fathers who demanded that their children stuff every crumb down their throats, all the adamant mothers who said “Clean plate, or BEDTIME!”, all of these were longtime American families.

That is not to say there were no examples to the contrary in the “very-American” category, because there certainly were wasteful examples there. That is also not to say that 1st generation American parents are never strict with food waste, either, because there were quite a few of those.

The point is that although there were “very American” families who do seem as wasteful as UCLA students, there are plenty of examples to the contrary. Is it American culture that is really the problem? I don’t think so.

Is it affluence that leads people to become wasteful? People who came here from Mexico remember when they were very small and very poor. Wasting food was a huge deal then. Now, they are living like royalty compared to those times, and wasting food here and there is normal. Wasting food seems to be a learnable trait, and people waste more as they make more money.
However, even though being able to afford a little food wasting from time to time might seem to be related to the level of waste, it really doesn’t seem that way from what I gathered in my investigation. In fact, the consensus seems to be that parents teach their children to avoid wasting food, no matter the culture or income level.

The reasons range widely. Waste is morally wrong to some. How many of us have heard the “There are starving children in Africa” line? The intent is not to send your food to them, but to let you know that in wasting food, you mock their starvation. The Qur’an advises believers not to waste food (Qur'an, al-Araf 7:31), and many follow their religions when it comes to food. There are families who value “good eaters” and raise their kids as plate-cleaners. There are families who simply want their kids to be healthy, and so encourage them to eat everything given to them.

The USDA did a study recently and discovered that the amount of food wasted in the US in one year—minus all the food lost from the farm-to-retail section—is about 91 billion pounds. That’s about 26% of all edible food in the US. Remember that the next time you reach for that extra serving of fried chicken.

You can find the USDA study results at: http://www.ibiblio.org/london/permaculture/mailarchives/sanet2/msg00693.html

Fast Times at UCLA - Insights on an Asian Frat Party

Fast Times at UCLA - Insights on an Asian Frat Party

Can Asians be Greek?
Original posting: June 2003 Issue

by NICHOLAS LINDBLAD, staff writer

Going to an event off the infamous “frat row” helped me to conceptualize the similarities and differences between the proverbial “us” and the infamous “them”. Being a member of a fraternity recognized by the IFC, or International Fraternity Council, it was quite an eye-opening experience to attend an AGC, or Asian Greek Council, formal.

Upon leaving the house, satires of the Sundance Film Festival’s newest buzz movie, Better Luck Tomorrow, raced throughout my head. Stereotypes of south campus rebels partying like the Greeks on fraternity row, while still maintaining impressive grade point averages bombarded my psyche. As the night went on my preconceived notions proved to be comical and almost entirely false.

The “overachiever” stereotype was squelched immediately upon entering the (pardon the pun) Asian Scene. Most of the dates were ready to pre-party and take pictures in order to wild-out at the event’s numerous after-parties. Quickly I realized that just as houses on fraternity row support each other’s social events, so do the various AGC fraternities and sororities. After hearing the cheers of encouragement and pride chanted by the rival houses in attendance, my fantasies of enemy gangs and kanji tattoos translating to yakuza or triad vanished into thin air.
As it turns out, Greeks of all races are quite similar. There is always the clique of friends who get trashed before everyone else even gets started. There are cliques of potheads, hardcore alcoholics, and even straight-edge partygoers. The music was not stereotypically electronic, and there was a good mix of familiar hip-hop and rhythm and blues.

The night almost defied all classifications of Asian social stereotyping until the valets brought everyone’s cars to the lobby. Modified Integras, dropped Civics, and yes even the token Supra were all in full throttle. Holding true to stereotype, a majority of the AGC members smoked cigarettes. But the way I see it, every social group containing young college students has a noticeable population of smokers; so what else is new?

After a night of drunken debauchery followed by a morning of headaches and binge water consumption, I can clearly conclude that difference is sometimes simply a construction of the individual. I could have easily noted that I was one of three non-Asian dates in attendance and been a pissy party pooper. Instead I found that Asian Greeks are just like the Greeks on Hilgard and Gayley. They may ask, “Are you affiliated?” when an individual living on fraternity row would phrase the same question as, “What house are you in?” but that is simply a difference of perspective. Any close-minded individual could dismiss Asian Greeks as simply south campus geeks turned wannabe party animals. I concluded, however, that regardless of race, Greeks will always be Greeks and geeks will always be geeks.

Ceramic Trees of Life

Ceramic Trees of Life

The Fowler Brings You Mexico Color and Culture from across the border
Original posting: June 2003 Issue

by JENNIFER CHANG, editor-in-chief

If you were on campus between last month and this month, you may have seen the bright, colorful banner advertisement hanging above the entrance to the Fowler Museum. In your haste to get to your class, it was probably only a blur of reds, blues, greens and whites that darted quickly out of your field of vision as you scurried by. If you happened to be walking at a leisurely pace, however, you may have seen the details in the banner and noticed that the advertisement is an extreme close-up of a very intriguing piece of art. If you are among the lucky few who had time enough to stop and read the banner, you would have discovered that the Fowler Museum’s newest feature is an exhibit showcasing “Ceramic Trees of Life” from contemporary Mexico. And if you are among the enlightened few who appreciates unique art and world culture, you most likely gave in to temptation and strolled inside to take a look…

…at which point you would have realized that it was a good thing you did.

The new exhibit at the Fowler brings an exquisite collection of unique contemporary art across the border for your viewing pleasure. I had already heard from friends that the display was one not to be missed, so I was expecting to be impressed. What I did not anticipate was that the display would effectively show me that culture is continually evolving and changing in spectacular ways.

The Ceramic Tree of Life is a rather recent art form that has gained popularity in Mexico over the last century. The designs depicted in these ceramic pieces were inspired by the country’s rural and indigenous population and the art form has endured partly as a result of the timelessness of the things it symbolizes and represents to the Mexican populous.

The clay pieces, decorated in paints and varnishes, are laden with religious, social, and mythical symbolism. For example, the use of the tree shape suggests that the country’s modern identity lays in the land’s ancient past. It has also come to represent family (think of a “family tree”) and also the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge at the center of the Garden of Eden.

The exhibit displays many different ceramic Trees of Life, done in many different styles and inspired by many different themes. The colors range from brilliant juxtapositions of contrasting hues to simple monochromatic shades. Some are tinted in variations of single colors, others are even left undecorated. Some are formed as single sculptures, while others are composed of many different components and held together with wires. The trees of life range in size, shape, structure, and function (some are ceremonial decorations while some double as candle-holders), and often the variations are so great that it would be hard to identify the pieces as being examples of a single art form if it were not for the unifying “tree” aspect.

There are, however, some common elements that the artists took care to incorporate into their ceramic pieces. These are important to note because they reflect the values, ethics, and morals dominant in contemporary Mexico. They include religion (Adam and Eve are depicted in many of the trees), national culture (some of the trees capture the spirit of holidays like the Day of the Dead), nature, family, and joyous celebration (Mariachis, dancers, and beautiful women can be seen decorating some of the trees).

There is no description that can adequately capture the experience of seeing the Ceramic Trees of Life for yourself. Each piece is unique and elicits from the viewer a very specific feeling; you will find yourself tossed from a piece that is aesthetically playful to another that is morbid and disturbing as you walk among the trees enclosed in their glass display cases.

The beautiful thing about the tradition of creating Ceramic Trees of Life, however, is that it is a part of the Mexican culture that is still changing today. Artists in Mexico are continually incorporating new symbols and conveying new ideas through this popular art. Though there’s no telling what the Trees of Life will look like decades from now, what already exists speaks volumes about the country’s past and present.

The “Ceramic Tree of Life” display will be available for viewing at the Fowler Cultural Museum through December 28th.

International Taco Party - A Worldly Summer Feast!

International Taco Party - A Worldly Summer Feast!
Something fresh and fun, perfect for a picnic or party!


Planning on throwing a big shindig this summer? Here's an idea that takes quite a bit of preparation, but your guests will definitely be impressed with your innovation (you don't have to tell them where you got the idea, but we'd love it if you did!).

How does an INTERNATIONAL TACO PARTY sound?

Below, we've modified traditonal recipes from five continents so that they can be used as unique taco fillings! If you don't want to prepare them all yourself, you can delegate each recipe to four of your friends and have them bring them to the party in large bowls. Provide a plate stacked with taco shells, and your guests can treat themselves to a world of flavor!

Note: Each of these recipes prepares enough filling for 8-10 tacos.

ASIA (China): Kung Pao Chicken

Ingredients:
1 pound of ground chicken
4 dried red chili peppers
1/4 cup skinless roasted peanuts (unsalted)
1/2 slice ginger
1/2 garlic clove, peeled and sliced
3/4 Tbsp cornstarch
3/4 Tbsp cold water
1/2 Tbsp soy sauce

Sauce:
1 Tbsp dark soy sauce
1/2 Tbsp dry sherry
1/2 Tbsp sugar
1/2 tsp cornstarch
1/4 tsp salt
a few drops sesame oil
2 cups oil for deep-frying
3 Tbsp oil for stir-frying

Directions:
Add the soy sauce, cornstarch, and water to the chicken and marinate it for 20 minutes. While the chicken is marinating, peel and slice the ginger, and remove the tips and the seeds of the dry red peppers. Cut into 1-inch chunks. Mix the sauce ingredients and set aside. Heat wok and add 1 - 1 1/2 tablespoons oil. Stir-fry the peanuts until they turn golden, remove and set aside to cool. Heat wok and add oil for deep-frying. Carefully slide the chicken into the wok, and deep-fry the chicken for about 1 minute. Remove the chicken and drain off the oil. Heat 2 tablespoons of oil in wok. Add the dry red peppers and stir-fry until they turn dark. Add the ginger and chicken, stir-frying rapidly. Give the sauce a quick re-stir and add to the wok. Stir until the sauce is thickened and mix together with other ingredients. Add the peanuts and mix.

AFRICA (Mozambique): Salada Pera De Abacate
Ingredients:
1/2 head iceberg lettuce, shredded
1 tomato, cut into cubes
1 avocado, cut into 1-inch pieces

Dressing:
1/2 cup lemon juice
1/2 cup olive oil
1/2 tsp. salt
1/2 tsp. salad herbs
1/8 tsp. pepper

Directions:
Toss salad ingredients. Mix dressing ingredients. Toss salad with dressing.

SOUTH AMERICA (Venezuela): Black Beans and Rice

Ingredients:
1 med onion, chopped
1 stalk celery, diced
1 small red pepper, diced
1 cup long-grain white rice, rinsed and drained
14 ozs broth
1 tsp turmeric
1 tsp oregano
1 tsp salt
1 cup egg substitute scrambled
15 ozs canned black beans, heated
1 tsp crushed red pepper
lemon juice and tabasco for topping

Directions: Saute onion 2-3 minutes; add celery, bell pepper and rice. Cook stirring until rice turns pale, 2-3 minutes. Reduce heat to low. Add broth, turmeric, oregano and salt. Cover and cook until rice is tender and all liquid is absorbed, 15-20 minutes. Remove from heat and fluff with fork. Drain heated black beans and mix with rice. Top with scrambled eggs and sprinkle with crushed red pepper.

AUSTRALIA: Dinkum Chili

Ingredients:
1/4 lb bacon, packaged
1 tsp. vegetable oil
1 medium onion, coarsely chopped
1/2 celery stalk, coarsely chopped
1/2 bell pepper
1 lb top beef sirloin, in 1" cubes
1/2 lb beef,hamburger grind
1/2 lb pork,hamburger grind
2 tsp red chile,hot, ground
1 1/2 tsp red chile,mild,ground
1 1/2 Garlic cloves,med,fine chop
1/2 tsp oregano,dried
1 tsp Cumin,ground
1 can Australian beer
1/2 can tomatoes,whole
1 1/2 tsp brown sugar

Directions:
Fry the bacon in a skillet over medium heat. Drain the strips on paper toweling and cut into 1/2" dice and reserve. Heat the oil in a large heavy pot over medium heat. Add the onions, celery, and green pepper and cook until the onions are translucent. Combine all the beef and pork with the ground chile, garlic, oregano, and cumin. Add this meat-and-spice mixture to the pot. Break up any lumps with a fork and cook, stirring occasionally, until the meat is evenly browned. Add the beer, tomatoes, and reserved bacon to the pot. Bring to a boil, then lower the heat and simmer, uncovered, for 1 1/2 hours. Wave a boomerang over the pot 14 times each hour from this point on. (This is definitely optional adding no noticeable flavor, just a touch of authenticity and humor.) Stir for 3 minutes. Taste, adjust seasonings, and add more beer if desired. Simmer for 2 1/2 hours longer. Add the brown sugar and simmer for 15 minutes longer, vigorously waving the boomerang over the pot.

EUROPE (Wales): Prawn Patagonia

Ingredients:
1/2 small cauliflower
1/2 pint thick Bechamel sauce
1/2 teacup double cream
1/2 lb Peeled prawns, chopped into ½ inch pieces
1/8 lb Caerphilly cheese
1/2 ts garlic salt
1/2 tablespoon ketchup
1/2 ts celery salt
1/2 ts ground bay leaf
1/2 ts turmeric
1/2 ts mustard powder

Directions:
Cook small cauflower until the florettes are soft, but still firm. Break the florettes and put aside. Keep hot. Add to Bechamel sauce the cream, tomato ketchup, garlic salt, celery salt, ground bay leaf, tumeric, mustard powder and a little freshly ground pepper. Beat the sauce well, add the prawn pieces and caerphilly cheese (crumbled) and heat gently in a saucepan. Do not boil. Add the cauliflower and cook until golden brown.

Sources: http://chinesefood.about.com/library/blrecipe047.htm http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Cookbook/about_cb_wh.html
www.recipesource.com

Beckham Bends Stereotypes - A Review of "Bend it Like Beckham"

Beckham Bends Stereotypes - A Review of "Bend it Like Beckham"
Original posting: June 2003 Issue


by MEGAN BLANCHARD, assistant editor

“Isn’t Bend it Like Beckham some kind of family feel-good flick?” you sneer. Not quite. So many feel-good movies today miss the mark, reverting to laughable caricatures of mothers who spend their days perfecting apple pies, and soft-spoken sons who dream of winning the little league championships. Usually these films are produced by Disney. They go straight to video, occupying the space on the shelf between Airbud and Angels in the Outfield.

Bend it Like Beckham, however, is produced by Fox Searchlight, and it does not concern either the all-American pastimes of baseball or basketball. In fact, Bend it Like Beckham is a British film about “football” (We Americans know the sport as soccer). It’s the comically compelling story of Jess Bhamra, a tomboyish Punjabi girl who dreams of one day being able to “bend a ball like Beckham.” Jess’s traditional Indian family wants her to get married and ditch the soccer dreams, but Jess is determined to play.

When Jules Paxton, a member of the local girls’ soccer team sees Jess kicking a ball around in the park, she convinces her to join the team. Both girls admire Joe (played by pretty-boy Jonathan Rhys-Meyer), who is both the team coach and Jess’s potential romantic interest. As Jess’s older sister prepares for her wedding, however, Jess must contend with her feelings for Joe as well as growing tension with Jules, who has become her best friend. On top of this, she must continue to devise ways of hiding her soccer obsession from her parents. As misunderstandings are brought to light, and old ideas are cast off, the story unfolds in a way that is both touching and hilarious.

Bend it Like Beckham is a must-see for anyone who has ever participated in sports, but whether or not you give a dime about athletics, this movie is worth paying nine bucks for. Not only does it deliver steady laughs, but it also provides a wonderfully authentic portrait of the family squabbles and parent/child misunderstandings that occur in all cultures (think of a more hip version of My Big Fat Greek Wedding). If you haven’t seen Bend it Like Beckham, it is available in theaters or on Kazaa.

Juanes es Por Ti - An Album Review of "Un Dia Normal"

Juanes es Por Ti - An Album Review of "Un Dia Normal"
Original posting: June 2003 Issue


by JENNIFER CHANG, editor-in-chief

He’s sexy. He’s sultry. He’s a Latin sensation who’s got the ladies all a-twitter...

...and he didn’t have to live la vida loca or tongue-wrestle with Anna Kournikova to get where he is today.

Meet Juanes, a music industry veteran. He taught himself how to play the guitar at the age of seven, and quickly trained himself in the traditional Latin sounds of boleros, tangos, cumbias, and Colombian folk music such as vallenatto and guasca. At the tender age of fourteen, he developed a love for heavy metal music and formed a band called Ekhymosis (Bruise) which released seven albums before he decided to break from the group and go solo. He moved to Los Angeles and was quickly taken under the wings of famed Latin Alternative producer Gustavo Santaolalla and music manager Fernan Martinez. His first album, “Fijate Bien” (“Listen Closely”) raced to the number one spot in his native country when it debuted two years ago, although his brand of alternative Latin music did not initially catch on so quickly in the rest of Latin America. It took 7 Latin Grammy Award nominations (3 of which he won) to place Juanes squarely in the spotlight. In light of the surprising media attention, he and his producers scrambled to release his second album.

Now that it’s here, there is no indication at all that it was a rushed job. “Un Dia Normal” is an album loaded with heartfelt, catchy, and passionate tracks. Whereas his first album seemed almost to be an musical ode to his life experiences, his second focuses mainly on pure moods and emotions. There are very few tracks that fail in eliciting genuine emotional responses from listeners.

Part of what makes his music so effective is his voice; he has the ability to apply just enough strain to make you believe he’s overcome with lust, and just enough of a soft quality to convince you of his being is a state of love-induced bliss.

Though all of the tracks on his album are beautiful, there are several that are simply exceptional. For those who prefer a latin-pop sound in the veins of the music of Ricky or Enrique, “A Dios Le Pido” is a must-listen. For the romantic in every one of us, Juanes gives us “Es Por Ti” – which I would say is my personal favorite song off of this album. It captures the sweet essence of an all-consuming desire better than any one of our lousy boy-bands can with their “oh-baby” dribble. Also worth a sampling are the anger-fueled tracks “Mala Gente” and his enthralling newest single – a duet with Nelly Furtado entitled “Fotografia”.

Juanes has proven himself to be a master of conveying very specific emotions through artful lyrics set to exquisite melodies. Whether he’s growling his words through gritted teeth or groaning them with raw passion, you’ll believe that he truly feels what he sings.

Biography and Picture Source: http://www.juanes.net/

Empanada's Place - A Restaurant Review

Empanada's Place - A Restaurant Review

All the flavor of Argentina - in a flaky pastry crust
Original posting: June 2003 Issue

by CATHERINE GARCIA, staff writer

3811 Sawtelle Blvd.

Culver City

(310) 391-0888

Feenin’ for some good Argentine food? Why not take a quick drive to Culver City and stop by Empanada’s Place? After long finals cram sessions, it was comforting to take a seat in this small, kitchen-like restaurant with walls lined with pictures of the city streets of Argentina and Argentinean tango dancers. I anticipated good food after reading some of the framed articles of superior restaurant reviews which praised their dishes and their authenticity.

As the name implies, Empanada’s Place specializes in empanadas (turnovers with a flaky crust and filled with meat or vegetables). You can choose from a menu of 16 different, meat or vegetable empanadas, large beef or chicken sandwiches, or a chicken or cheese Argentine tamal. I highly recommend the criolla empanada—the most typical Argentine empanada, as well as Empanada’s Place’s most popular dish. The crust was flaky with crispy outer edges, and the inside was filled with a blend of beef, raisins, green onions, eggs, and spices—tasty, filling, and addicting…the perfect combo! I also highly recommend the Arabe (lemon herb ground beef)—filled with lemon-seasoned ground beef, tomatoes, and onions. The spices were excellent and the empanada was altogether very flavorful. If you want a taste of Northern Argentina and you like the taste of home cooked beef stew, you’ll love the slightly spicy, chunky beef empanada—filled with chopped beef, potatoes, peas, and carrots. Care for a taste from the Tucuman province? The Tucuman empanada is filled with chopped beef and boiled eggs and spiced to perfection. You can also choose from beef, chicken, ham and cheese, or pepperoni empanadas.

Empanada’s Place’s vegetable empanadas are also delicious. The ricotta empanada was rich and creamy and the fresh mushroom and basil combination was mouth-watering. Or, you could try the spinach empanada—fresh spinach, melted mozzarella and parmesan cheese, and a white sauce. Among other choices were cheese and onion, potato and cheese, potato, corn, broccoli, and eggplant empanadas.

After having such a delicious meal, why not try their delicious flan? Their homemade flan is very rich and is sure to satisfy any sweet tooth. The caramel and sugar crystal topping is to-die-for!
With a cozy ambiance, fast service, and good, affordable food (empanadas at $2.25 each, $22.50 per dozen), Empanada’s Place is a definite must-try! Just don’t forget to bring cash or your checkbook—they don’t except credit cards.

What in the World? Inversia It's YOUR culture, whether you like it or not.

What in the World? Inversia It's YOUR culture, whether you like it or not.
Lawrence Lu's Column

Original posting: June 2003 Issue

by LAWRENCE LU, staff writer

This month isn't about Asians, Indians, Africans or Caucasians. We won’t talk about how they disagree, interact or misunderstand each other. Let's face it, regardless of what is written here, racial disharmony will not be taking its leave anytime soon. Instead, I thought we might take a look at the culture of Inversia, a place I hope no one ever has to visit.

Dr. Bernard McGraine and Dr. Inge Bell began a chronicle of this fantasyland many years ago, updating it every four years in the hopes of comforting those stuck in Inversia. Forgive me for being so vague. Inversia is a place/world/society/school where everything is as it ought not to be. It is populated by a people who eek out lives of quiet desperation. In addition to the racial aspects, Inversia’s culture is a fascinating conglomeration of people originating from many corners of the world, all bent on surviving and getting ahead. It is a place where the people have forgotten who they are or what they want. In fact, they willingly let outside influences tell them what to want and how to go about acquiring it. That’s just the tip of the iceberg.

McGraine and Bell point out these troubling features in the hopes of waking up the drones of Inversia. But none choose to listen to their unsettling words. Specifically, they beg for the teachers of Inversia to realize how much harm they are doing to their students - how scolding and making learning punitive scars the youngsters for the rest of their lives. They plead for the parents to unconditionally love their children instead of relinquishing their dangling compassion for the cost of a college acceptance letter. They ask that the society not prioritize individual/monetary/status achievement so that the people not end up as lonely shriveled versions of their younger livelier selves with nothing to show but a padded bank account. But they don’t want to hear it. Inversians thrive on hurting themselves in the name of progress. They are taught when they are young to compete and feel briefly content only after they have outscored their rival. Even if it means their best friend. They are instructed and conditioned to turn a blind eye to learning in school, for the sake of copying, memorizing and getting the regurgitated A+. Then, after a short lived celebration, they begin to compete again for the acceptance of the next level of school and then the high paying, prestigious job, etc. All the while, they were completely fine with neglecting their own mental health and whatever other negligible things like friends, family, life itself...

Here’s the thing. Inversians aren’t stupid by any traditional means. They are just strongly reinforced to fit into this mentally suicidal way of life. Visitors might often hear phrases like, “That’s the way life is” or “No pain no gain.” The governing powers of Inversia have a million other ways besides those common sayings of keeping their well-oiled machine in working order. They have soldiers dressed in civilian clothing watching for any potential wrenches or sabots. No one ever dares to stray from the path in fear of persecution from their well-institutionalized family and friends. In Inversia, they even have blatant advertisements showing a geek in a crowd of “cool” people with the slogan reading “Don’t be that guy…”

I think I get them, though. Who wants to feel like the odd man out? I sure don’t want to be. But at what cost? More than not wanting to be the odd man out, I really really don’t want to be this disgruntled middle-aged career man who has a convertible bimmer for my clubbing nights and a Tag Huer timer counting down to happy hour. Inversians inevitably end up spit out and dried up, left with nothing but a feeling of empty achievement. No good friends to laugh with, maybe a dysfunctional family to beat on. The kicker lies here, though. Inversians are short-sighted - unable to see what occurred in the past causing them to end up miserable as they are today. They inadvertently pass the same wayward values of achievement to their children with the hopes that maybe if their kids get into Harvard or make ENOUGH money, they might be happy. Once in a while, though, an Inversian will have a beautiful dream about a place where people do care about each other and where life is experienced with family and friends instead of the canvas walls of a cubicle. Their mind wanders lazily to a place where suffering in a job isn’t praised for being “mature and responsible.” Then the Inversian wakes up, sits in traffic hoping not to be late for work.

After my initial visit to Inversia, I couldn’t stand watching their culture self-destruct. I wanted to fly home early, even if I had to buy a new ticket. Problem was, couldn’t find the airport. Never have.

I’m sure most of you have been asking why I bothered constructing such a transparent and cheesy façade. It was for the simple reason that I wish every day that it only was one.

This Book Is Not Required by Drs. McGraine and Bell.

TRY READING IT, please.

Illustration: "Ascending and Descending" by Escher

Cold Ambition - A comic strip that's really cool

Cold Ambition - A comic strip that's really cool

Original posting: June 2003 Issue

Illustrated by Michael Kay, Written by Peter Way

A Day in the Life... of a South African Student

A Day in the Life... of a South African Student
Though he was forced to flee to the States years ago, Raoul still remembers his life in South Africa
Original posting: June 2003 Issue

by JEANNIE HO, staff writer

In 1994, there was a major regime change in the South African, which caused extreme political turmoil. This new regime tried to erase the British elements in society, from the Afrikaner’s (Dutch descent race) to the wealthy European folk with the status of an “upper classmen”. Luckily, my friend Raoul Ludwig Phillip Haeck was able to escape the political upheaval; he left his home a few years ago to live in the United States. However, he has decided to share his normal daily experiences from his days of living in South Africa.

6 AM: Raoul wakes up in his bed, located in the suburbs of Johannesburg called Rodeport. He showers and gets dressed in his school uniform – mainly consisting of a white-shirt with a red collar, black pants, and any type of formal shoes (typically loafers or dress shoes) – then goes to the kitchen to eat breakfast. His breakfast is similar to ours, cereal, porridge or oatmeal, with fresh fruit and Orange Juice.

7:50AM: Raoul’s mom kindly drops him off at his private school, Aurora College. According to Raoul, the legal age to drive in South Africa is 18 years old, so apparently, no high school students were allowed to drive themselves. Also, since it is a private school, there was no type of public transportation.

8AM: Class begins. School is considerably different in South Africa. First, high school is equivalent to our grades 8 to 12. Even the primary school is like our grades 1 – 7. Also, Raoul’s high school requires a total of 13 classes! Fortunately for Raoul, they are on a block schedule. Some of his classes include English, Biology, Geography, Afrikaner, Math, PE, Accounting, Introduction to Computer Science… Each class is only 1 hour long, and it is mandatory to take 6 of these classes a day.

10AM: After having two classes, Raoul gets a snack break, which he usually spends hanging out with his friends. 15 minutes later, he goes back to take two more classes.

12:15PM: Raoul gets his lunch. Since he is in high school, he is allowed to have a 45 minute break, whereas normal primary students only get 30 minutes.

3PM: School gets out and the after school sports begin and last until 5 PM. In the summertime, Raoul engages in swimming, tennis and/or field hockey. In the winter season, he plays soccer and rugby. He goes home promptly at 5 PM (picked up by his mom, of course). At home, he changes back into regular clothes and mainly just does his homework.

8PM: Dinnertime. Homework is normally done by this time. His mom cooks a delicious feast of fish, beef, or lamb. Sometimes, depending on the occasion or the day, his family dines out in one of South Africa’s wonderful restaurants.

Once dinner is complete, he watches television. South Africa only carries 3 basic channels; his family orders 3 more private (and expensive!) channels, which, according to Raoul, contain the “good stuff”. By 9 0r 10 PM, Raoul is fast asleep.

Travelogue - Things you MUST do in Italy

Travelogue - Things you MUST do in Italy
The country that brought you pizza and Pavaratti can bring you much more
Original posting: June 2003 Issue



by PATTY HUNG, staff writer

1. Take a water taxi to Piazza San Marco (St. Mark’s Square), the hub of Venice’s city life and one of the world’s finest squares. The Piazza is especially beautiful at night, when singers, string quartets, and other musical groups set up portable stages outside the shops and restaurants to perform for passers-by. The lively, festive atmosphere is relaxing and exciting at the same time.

2. A country orchard around you and a glass of Italy’s special blue wine – can life get any better? The wine is so extraordinary that the Italians refuse to export it, so Italy is the only place in the world where you can get a taste of this unique drink.

3. Visit Vatican City, an area with its own currency, military, and flag. Want to survive that killer Engineering class next quarter? Touch the foot of St. Peter’s statue for good luck. Of course, the Sistine Chapel is a must-see. Michelangelo did his Biblical ceiling paintings in such a way as to make the sharp corners of the building seem rounded – you actually feel like you’re standing in a dome.

4. Getting sweaty and thirsty from the heat and humidity? Grab some gelato – Italian ice cream. Gelato is whipped with less air than your regular American ice cream and therefore has a denser texture. For those of you who are weight-conscious, gelato is low in butterfat and greasiness. If you’re having trouble deciding between macaroon, apricot, vanilla bourbon, or a variety of other exotic flavors, no worries. You’ll be sure to want another one very, very soon.

5. Take a motorboat to Murano, an island which has been the center of the Venetian glass industry for centuries. Watch the fascinating craftsmen in the glass-blowing workshops. They have glass cups that stand back upright on their own when you spin them on their sides. The glassware is extremely sturdy – it would not break even if you dropped it from a foot high.


6. “Wherefore art thou, Romeo?” Since almost all of us were forced to read “Romeo and Juliet” in high school, it might be pretty interesting to see with your own eyes the Casa di Giuletta (Juliet’s House), located in the city of Verona. You will have the opportunity to take pictures on the famous balcony where the lovers spent precious moments together.

Although the family whom I interviewed and who provided me with these wonderful pictures wished to remain anonymous, I would still like to express my deep gratitude for their contribution to this article.

Additional picture source: Baedeker's Italy - a tour book

May 2003 Issue Cover




Four Heroes from Four Lands - Cultural Icons You Know & Love

Four Heroes from Four Lands - Cultural Icons You Know & Love
They are the stuff legends are made of


Original posting: May 2003 Issue

by JENNIFER CHANG, editor-in-chief


Every culture has its own repertoire of legendary heroes, either of myth or of real historical events. Oftentimes, fact and fiction get mixed in the telling of their stories. Not only do cultural heroes provide great tales to entertain children with, but they are also a source of pride and inspiration for those who know of them. Below are the (abridged) stories of five well-known heroes from four different cultures. They are timeless because the people who admire them carry the stories through the generations.

Sundiata
Sundiata was an African King whose story is a mix of history and legend. He was the son of Nare Fa Maghan, king of the Mandingo, and Sogolon Conde – two people who had joined under the prophecy that Sogolon would give Maghan a son who would become the greatest king of Mali. It is said that Sumaguru, the then-king of Mali who raped Mandingo women, taxed his people relentlessly, and terrorized the nation, heard of the prophecy and paid the couple a visit. He killed 11 of their sons, but spared Sundiata because he believed he would die anyway.

Legend has it that when Maghan died, Sundiata stood upright, with a herculean effort and the help of an iron rod, bending the rod in the process. His mother, fearing that he would be killed now that he posed a real threat, took them into exile. During this exile, Sundiata traveled through the kingdoms of the savanna and blossomed into a mighty warrior. There are many stories in Africa of the adventures he had in these years. He amassed an army of recruits from several kingdoms and defeated Sumaguru, later becoming the “Mansa” and restoring peace and order to the Empire of Mali.

The Monkey King
The Monkey king is a fictional character whose adventures and exploits are based around those of a famous monk who journeyed west across China to India in search of the holy sutras. "Monkey King" is an allegorical rendition of the journey, mingled with Chinese fables, fairy tales, legends, superstitions, popular beliefs, monster stories as well as whatever the author could find in the Taoist and Buddhist religions. The text is one of the four great classical works of China, dating back more than 400 years.

As the story goes, the Monkey king was born out of a rock, fertilized by heaven. He developed extraordinary powers, some of which included multiplying himself by plucking out his own hairs and riding clouds across the sky. In addition, he had extraordinary fighting skills – his main weapon of choice being a magic staff that he could shrink and store behind his ear when it was not in use.

The Monkey King, being of rebellious nature, challfenged the heavens, single-handedly waging war against the gods. For his transgression, they imprisoned him beneath a mountain where he remained trapped for 5,000 years before being rescued by Xuan Zang – the monk mentioned before. In gratitude, the Monkey King agreed to help the monk journey to the west in search of the Sutras, along with two other faithful companions – a belligerent pig-man and a former sea-monster.

The tale of the mischievous Monkey King is one that spans several volumes. Though it originated in China, it was so popular that through the span of history, has been adapted by the Japanese and the Koreans as well.

Cuchulain
Cuchulain is one of the great heroes of Celtic myth. Legend has it that he was the son of the god Lugh, but was raised by his uncle, King Conor of Ulster. Early in his life, he was already performing war-like deeds, and it was agreed upon by all that he was destined to be a great hero.

In the land, there was a mischeivous man named Bricriu who wished to create conflict between the great heroes of the time. He invited Cuchulain, along with two others, to dinner where which he posed the question of who should receive “the champion’s portion” of the food. This ignited debate among the three over who was the greatest of the three. To avoid an impromptu, bloody battle, they agreed to submit their claims to the championship of Ireland to King Ailill of Connaught.

Ailill put the heroes to an unexpected test. He brought them together in a dinner hall, into which three magic beasts, in the shape of monstrous cats, were sent by the king. While the other two climbed to a safe spot among the rafters, Cuchulain slay the beasts. Later, Ailill sends the heroes to the castle of Curoi of Kerry – a wise wizard and asked them to defend it. When the trio are faced with a giant monster who attacked the castle with spears made of oak trees, it was Cuchulain who faced him, and the mighty dragon he brought with him.

The final test came when a terrible stranger entered the castle with an ax and threatened to terrorize the inhabitants unless one of the heroes beheaded him with the ax. He warned that if he was beheaded, he would leave, but only under the condition that he would return the next day to claim the head of the hero. One of the heroes accepted the challenge, and upon cutting off the stranger’s head, the beheaded body took the ax, and walked out of the castle. When he returned, fully restored the next day to claim his retribution, the hero was nowhere to be found. This occurred again with the other hero. Finally, it was Cuchulain who beheaded the being, but unlike the others he waited until the next day to receive his punishment. When the stranger arrived and discovers that Cuchulain has stayed the night, he revealed that he was really Curoi in disguise. He not only spares his life, but proclaims him the champion of all of Ireland.

Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl
Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl are two twin god-heroes that exist both in Mayan and Aztec legend. Though the legends surrounding these two heroes vary and often contradict each other, they’re creation of this world is a common theme in all versions.

It is said that Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were twin gods who dwelled in the heavens. At the time, the earth was covered in water, and on it, there only lived the great caiman Tlatecuhtli. The twins gods decided one day to defeat the great caiman, transforming themselves into giant serpents and descending to the waters where Tlatecuhtli dwelled. When they found Tlatecuhtli, each serpent grabbed a hand and a foot. They pulled in opposite directions, tearing the great caiman apart. The dismemberment of Tlatecuhtli resulted in the creation of the Earth.

This daring deed by Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl angered the other deities. To console the mutilated caiman, they decreed that all the tribes of humankind would live on her back, and all plants needed for human life would grow from her body. From her hair were fashioned trees, flowers and herbs. From her skin came the grasses and small flowers. Her eyes became the sources of wells, springs and small caves. From her mouth came the great rivers and caverns, and the bumps on her skin because the mountain ranges and valleys. Through the adventurous exploits of the twin gods, the Earth had been formed.

Sources: http://www.indiana.edu/~chasso/monkey.html,

http://www.mrdowling.com/609-sundiata.html,

www.bartleby.com/182/302.html,

http://www.smokinmirrors.net/tezcatli/tezcatli.html

A Dying Culture, A Dying People: The Plight of Native Americans

A Dying Culture, A Dying People: The Plight of Native Americans
These are their stories.

Original posting: May 2003 Issue

by MEENADCHI GUNANAYAGAM, staff writer
Native Americans were master storytellers. The panoply of heroes that starred in their stories ranged from rabbits and bears, to embodiments of the character traits of greed and lust, to personifications of wind and spirit. There connection with the earth they lived on became part of their lore and history. With the advent of the western expansion, the United States likewise began to tie their stories and their histories with their land. Buffalo Bill, Davy Crockett, and Johnny Appleseed are a few American heroes whose connection to the land is significant in each of their stories. But the United States let many stories go untold, especially those featuring the vanquished natives. Hopefully however, these stories can be unearthed. They commemorate a US history not much appreciated, but one which hopefully will live on to present a complete picture of American lore and history.

One story began in 1882 and continues today. In 1882, a Hopi reservation was created in the Arizona/New Mexico region. This land was also occupied by the Dineh (Navajo) people. Despite the lines that were created, the two tribes continued living as they always had upon the land, maintaining a separation. Areas of this land also held heavy deposits of coal and uranium. In 1951, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) appointed John Boyden to be the land claims attorney for the Hopi Indians. Boyden also happened to work for Peabody Coal. That same year land claims attorneys of both the Dineh and Hopi tribes elected to begin to lease land to mining companies. This led to disputes as to who correctly owned the land to be leased. It was resolved with the Healing vs. Jones case in which the lands became a Joint-Use area and the profits of the lease were to be split 50/50 between the tribes. The lease to mine the northern, coal rich lands of the Hopi/Dineh area was then given to Peabody Coal.

In 1974, the US government passed Public Law 93-531 or the Relocation Act. This law required Dineh residents in the Big Mountain (also called Black Mesa) area to relocate so that the coal and uranium deposits could be extracted. It also reinforced the delineation of Hopi/Dineh land, granting much government to the Hopi. Literally thousands of Dinehs were affected by this law. Land was purchased in 1980 by the government as a relocation site. The “New Lands” was in Chambers, Arizona. It is also a site for one of the worst radioactive spills the world has ever known. In 1979, approximately 94 million gallons of radioactive water was released in Church Rock, New Mexico and managed to contaminate the area. In addition, over 1,000 tons of uranium solids were released from a nearby mine pond. Those who resisted the relocation faced severe and continuing harassment from the US government. Livestock was stolen, wood gathering was banned, and running water was cut off. Religious ceremonies were interrupted and violated by road blocks, F-16 fighter jets flew low over these ceremonies, and sacred grounds were bulldozed. In addition, many resisters were kidnapped while others were spied upon and subject to constant governmental surveillance.

In 1996, Congress passed Public Law 104-301, penned and pushed by Senator John McCain. This bill posed as an attempt to stop forced relocation. In actuality it required all Dineh peoples still residing in the area to sign a contract ceding all property and civil rights to the Hopi government. An amendment to the law granted the Hopi government $25 million if they managed to obtain 95 signatures. Those who remained on the land became tenants on what had historically been their own. They would have to purchase permits in order to do simple things such as gathering wood, grazing their animals, and burying the dead. Those who refused to sign “agreed” to submit to forced relocation by the year 2000. A particular character in this story is Rena Babbitt Lane. In 1999 the BIA raided Lane’s home and took 17 sheep, three goats, and six cows. Lane is a Dineh elder who had resided on Big Mountain for years, living simply without electricity or running water. When she went to the BIA to understand what happened, they informed her that everything she owned would be confiscated unless she agreed to sign the “Accomadation Agreement”. Lane was one of many who refused to sign.

The end of the story is yet to be decided. The Dineh are still fighting for their land rights. Petitions abound attempting to overturn both Public Law 93-531 and 104-301. Children born on the “New Lands” have marked birth defects and illnesses.

Here’s another ongoing story. It began with the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) in 1934. The IRA basically comes to the point that Indians have the right to have a separate culture and to form their own governments on their reservations. In addition, large amounts of land surrounding the reservations were place in the governmental control so that they would be available to the tribe if and when needed. Recently, several activists have been trying to see the end of land-in-trust or to at least limit the way in which reservations may access the land.

In 1997, Senator Joseph Lieberman introduced a bill entitled “Indian Trust Lands Reform Act of 1997”. This bill would prohibit some tribes from acquiring land the government had been entrusted with. The stipulations to the bill were that a successful gaming tribe could not annex land if they were going to use it for commercial activity. A tribe desiring to use the land for housing or “reclamation of ancestral burial grounds” would be welcome to the land. In his testimony, he cited the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe in particular. This tribe runs a highly successful gaming reservation and wanted the entrusted land to set up a commercial shopping area or perhaps more gaming. Obviously these lucrative endeavors would be outside governmental taxation. In addition, these lands would be outside of governmental jurisdiction. He stated that “land-in-trust process should remain available to achieve its original goals of helping tribes obtain land on which to live as a community and gain economic self-sufficiency. It should not, however, be used to help any wealthy land owner – Native American or otherwise – to take off-reservation land out of control of the rest of the community simply to serve its own commercial interests.” Lieberman finalized his argument by defending the interests of local communities. Many nearby neighborhoods feared the encroachment of the reservation and the possible lack of future control over their own lands. This bill is still waiting to meet its future.

Here’s a story with a happier ending – the story of the Ward Valley Land Transfer. This story began in 1988. California was in need of a dump site for hazardous wastes. Ward Valley was found fit for such a site by U.S. Ecology, dump operators who had been awarded government of the site. U.S. Ecology had been made dump operators despite their negative reputation of taking care of the land. Ward Valley is federally owned land in southern California, 18 miles away from the Colorado River. This river is a source of water for at least 2 million people and it irrigates many farmlands in the Imperial Valley. The valley has also been designated as a critical habitat for the endangered desert tortoise. The valley is also a sacred site for many neighboring tribes. California’s plan was to bury the wastes 650 feet above the aquifer. Activists were afraid that the wastes would reach the aquifer and then the river, contaminating the land.

In order to use the land, California had to purchase the land from the government. In 1991 however, U.S. District Judge Marilyn Patel blocked the transfer due to the suit of activists who argued based on the Endangered Species Act. California began to argue that the land had already been purchased under recently resigned Department of Interior (DOI) Secretary Lujen. The current DOI secretary Bruce Babbitt brought a halt to activity to investigate. In addition a site managed by U.S. Ecology was found to have a leak. Through investigation it was found that the land may have been illegally transferred. In addition, through proceeding investigations it was found that Ward Valley had been used as a site for nuclear testing in the 1960s, the remnants of which remained.

Through this time activist continued to gather. Five Indian nations came together to protest the use of Ward Valley claiming spiritual ties to the land. The five nations were the Fort Mojave, Colorado River, Chemeheuri, Fort Yuma-Quechan, and Cocopah tribes. They became the Colorado River Native Nations Alliance (CRNNA). In 1994, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services agreed to name a large plot of land, including Ward Valley, protected area for the endangered tortoise. President Clinton agreed not to transfer the land. On February 13, 1998 the CRNNA began a sit-in on the land. For 113 days they remained on the land, performing religious ceremonies and celebrations. In addition, they buried a deceased protestor thereby making the site sacred in federal eyes. All the while, testing had been going on by the government to ascertain whether or not Ward Valley was safe to use as a dump site. On May 30, 1998 all tests were called to a halt due to the argument that if California could not even purchase the land the tests were a waste. Governor Pete Wilson had been hammering for the land transfer, threatening to sue the federal government for possession of the area. In 1999 however, Governor Gray Davis agreed not to pursue a U.S. District Court ruling which negated the transfer. Then in 2002, a press release showed that Davis had signed a bill proposed by Assembly member Fred Keeley which had an amendment once and for all prohibiting the use of Ward Valley as a state waste site.
These are a few of the current stories of the Native American peoples. Many more are yet to be found alive, buried shamefully deep in this country’s history. A country which professes itself to be a savior of nations is here a destroyer of nations. The United States’ treatment of the Native Americans is not a chronicle of the past. They are actively creating new stories, bringing the destruction of Indian races into the present.

information sources: The Vanishing American, by Brian W. Dippie
picture source: w3.trib.com/~sjlund/trans.jpg

A Saint in the City - A Piece of Senegal on Display at UCLA

A Saint in the City - A Piece of Senegal on Display at UCLA
The Fowler Museum takes you on a journey into the heart and soul of Western Africa

Original posting: May 2003 Issue

by PETER WAY, staff writer

“A SAINT in the CITY: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal“ is one of the newer exhibits at UCLA’s Fowler Museum, and with the diversity of its contents and the extensiveness of its coverage of the subject matter, any student who does not take advantage of the ease with which the exhibit can be accessed is would be missing out on a whole world of knowledge.

I had no idea what I was going to see when I stepped foot inside the Fowler Museum of Cultural History – a permanent establishment on campus tucked in between the Taco Bell and the Anderson Business School. The title of the exhibit, “a SAINT in the CITY: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal” was enough to give me an inkling of the content, but I was in no way prepared for the large scope of what this display was representing.

Any visitors of the exhibit will notice that the first room contains photograph reproductions of what seem at first to be large portraits painted on walls of various famous figures, but in reality, all the pictures are merely pieces of an enormous mural, painted by a man named Pape Samb, a.k.a. “Papisto” (which is how he signs his work).

The mural sprawls across a 600-foot long factory wall in an industrial park named “Bel-Air” in western Senegal. The picture is packed with imagery and symbols galore. The little guide that the Museum puts out to help explain who the people are and what the symbols mean can barely scratch the surface.

Examining the mural, you will find images of Nelson Mandela next to Jimi Hendrix, and tigers next to the first democratic president of Senegal. There are singers, there are ascetics, there are swordfish, and there are depictions of history.

Everywhere, there are doves of peace, who always hold in their beaks a book, a letter, a scroll, or some other form of writing. It is worth noting that Muslims consider the act of writing to be somewhat divine. There are also many books and letters and such things scattered about the mural as well, including one titled “Le Senégal.”

Papisto enjoys hanging out by his masterpiece and just casually explaining the meaning of it to passers-by. Many excerpts from his explanation are found on the museum’s guide, and also later in the exhibit in video form, playing on a TV. “My wall is like literature,” explains Papisto. “Through these small images, one can see a small segment of life.”

It may seem that while this mural is notable for the time and effort required to put into it, there is a much deeper story than that. Papisto created this work as he was inspired by The Saint. That is, the same saint that the exhibit is about. This highly revered saint is Amadou Bamba.
Bamba was a real man, not mere legend, who lived from 1853 to 1957. He was a devout Muslim who resisted the French colonial authority, but he was no rioter. Bamba was a man of peace, a pacifist, and his followers today—known as the “Mouride Way”—still follow that example. They both fight against oppression of their people, and do it peacefully.

The Saint has arguably grown to be the most highly revered figure in all of Senegal, and somewhat beyond, too. There is only one photograph of the man, taken in 1913, and nearly all reproductions of The Saint are replicas of that one image.

The skill with which portrait artists reproduce the figure is astounding. It isn’t hard to confuse their handmade works with actual reproductions of the photo. The most amazing thing to learn from this exhibit is just how ubiquitous the images of Bamba are in Senegal. You will find The Saint everywhere, on buses, on buildings, on people’s clothing, on merchandise of all sorts, but mainly just as pictures that have no use other than being the picture of the guy who is basically the holiest man in popular Senegalese culture.

It is the prolific-ness of the image that boggles the mind. They are more common than images of the Virgin Mary and Jesus in Catholic cities combined. Part of the exhibit has a video tour of Touba, Senegal. That is the holy city that Bamba founded by beginning construction of a mighty mosque there. He died before it was finished, but his heirs took up the work and completed it. Quickly, a city sprang up around it and the hustle and bustle of that city is captured in part of this multimedia exhibit.

As I walked from room to room, the music playing in the background changed to match with each area’s atmosphere. The first room, with Papisto’s work, was playing popular music. I recognized that some of the music was by an artist depicted in Papisto’s mural. It was very pleasant to my Western ears, accustomed to only Western music. As I moved inward, the next few rooms had a more spiritual atmosphere, with works on display that explained more about Islam and Sufism in general. To match with that, the music changed subtly to chanting and prayer.

I found that the source of that music was a boombox in the middle of a reproduction of a modern holy man’s space. Modeled after Serigne Modou Faye’s place, it is like his house, where he lives and sleeps and preaches and offers spiritual healing. Every surface is covered in paintings, lithographs, banners, and of course tons of images of Bamba and Bamba’s family.

This was a walk-in exhibit. Inside, even the ceiling was painted, with a trompe l’oeil style “path to heaven” on it. A few other patrons thought this was hilarious, but on top of the chant playing stereo, there were two disco party light ball things, throwing colored lights all about the room. I don’t get why they thought religion can’t be allowed to advance with technology. It makes sense to me.

Large portions of the exhibit are devoted to glass paintings of The Saint’s life. Senegalese glass paintings are popular worldwide, because of their skill in creating them, and the intrinsic beauty of the works. It was interesting to note that in the glass paintings, angels of God are portrayed as being white people, with the same color of skin as the “bad guy” French colonialists.

Amadou Bamba wrote a lot of poetry and verse. The Sufis claim it was seven tons worth. Fowler has gotten its hands on some of the original writings, and they were written so beautifully that it made me wish I could read Arabic (because I can’t).

At the same time (and in the same space), there were myriad things that can’t be done justice with words. Colorful outfits for followers of the Mouride Way were there. Sculptures made of recycled metal designed to welcome people to an annual pilgrimage to the holy city Touba sat against the wall. A very popular singer, the diva of the Mouride Way, Fatou Guewel, donated one of her outfits to the museum. The outfit has an image of Bamba on it, of course, but is a beautiful purple with many other images on it as well.

Added to the mix are many objects that have no analog in our society. Prayer papers and special bowls for some ritual that I won’t dare to mangle describing were on display, along with many other instruments of the faith that all have to do with Bamba and the Mouride Way.

The exhibit was constructed excellently, in a shape that prevented you from realizing how far you had come, or where the end was. This helped to put me into the world of the exhibit, making it harder to remember the world outside was only about 30 feet away.

Again, there was just too much in the exhibit itself to adequately describe with words. Of course, reading about an exhibit is an experience that pales in comparison to visiting and seeing the exhibit first-hand. “A SAINT in the CITY” will be on display until July 27th.

Special thanks to Stacey Abarbanel for images and permission to publish!
Additional picture source: "Passport to Paradise" website (http://www.fmch.ucla.edu/passporttoparadise.htm)

"Talk to Her" Talks to You - A Movie Review of "Talk to Her"

"Talk to Her" Talks to You - A Movie Review of "Talk to Her"

Original posting: May 2003 Issue

by JESSICA FLORES, staff writer

It is a plot that seems on the surface to be one based on a gimmick as old as movie history - two strangers meet and discover that they share a common bond. There is nothing common about the bond they share, however. Benigno and Marco. They find themselves unable to communicate with the objects of their affections (Alicia and Lydia respectively) but not in the way that you or I find it hard to communicate with members of the opposite gender, but because the women they are in love with cannot talk. They cannot talk, they cannot walk, they cannot move. Yes, both women are trapped in deep comas which doctors cannot be sure they will ever awaken from.

In fact, the slow introduction of this film made me wonder if I would be able to stay awake, but I soon found myself trying to keep from blinking to make sure I did not miss one second of the intense drama and comedy that revolved around the lives of all four characters (yes, all four). Although resting in the same position for nearly the entire movie, Alicia (the ballet dancer and apple of Benigno‘s eye) and Lydia (the bullfighter who won Marco‘s heart over) were not missing in action thanks to the two men’s weirdly interesting attempts at keeping the ladies spiritually alive.

This director, Pedro Almodova, does a creatively wonderful job of intertwining all kinds of emotions not only through character depiction and development, but through audience interaction as well. What starts off as a tragic, developing romance converts itself into a tense, yet awkwardly touching and comical situation in which the audience gets tossed around like a salad between love, disgust and compassion for the men and the vegetables. Almodovar presents the movie itself in the form of a tossed salad.

The audience member must pay close attention to the story line which tends to stray from the typical beginning-to-end format. He throws in all kinds of unimaginable twists, startling revelations (and not to mention weird events that fall in like pepper) to make, frankly, one hell of a movie. The variations he digs up and combinations he puts forth with these extremes are truly genius.

If you love surprises, you will definitely love this movie. Its randomness makes it a classic. Another of its classical aspects is the extension of the ballet as not only the profession of Alicia, but also a metaphor. The recurrent use of the ballet adds a graceful touch - like the dressing with which the movie could not have possibly tasted as good without.

Talk To Her comes to you on DVD at the end of the month (May 27th).

picture source: the "Talk to Her" official website

terms of use | © 2001-2010 – “The Worldly” World Culture Web Magazine. All rights reserved.

All written and artistic work published in "The Worldly" is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial- NoDerivs 2.5 License.